1	Surface Processes: Mass Wasting
2	Mass Wasting Downslope movement of soil and rock material Due to: Gravity Controlled by: Slope stability Slope steepness Classified by mechanism of movement & speed Fall, slide, flow
3	Landslide Morphology
4	Let’s Play Identify the Mass Wasting Event
5	Submarine Landslides Submarine Slump Submarine Debris Flows Turbidity Currents
6	Landslide Incidence Map
7	People & Landslides Landslides occur because.. Natural phenomenon Slope failure earthquakes & heavy precipitation Human-Induced Roadcuts clear-cutting urbanization
8	First Step to Mitigation Identification of landslide prone areas Assessment & Landslide inventory Prepare Landslide hazard & risk maps Resources: National Landslides Hazards Program (NLHP) National Landslide Information Center (NLIC) Landslide Hazard Zonation Project
9	Second Step to Mitigation 2. Prevention of landslides Controlling drainage Grading slopes Re-introducing vegetation Engineering solutions Retaining walls, wire cables and tunnels Shotcrete, rock bolts and draped mesh
10	Finals Steps to Mitigation Correction Zoning Restrictions
11	End Mass Wasting
12	Slope Profiles
13	Slope Stability Controlled by: Slope material Shear strength (cohesion & internal friction) Slope angle Safer: if normal force > downslope force Likely to fail: if downslope force > normal force Angle of Repose Climate Vegetation Time
14	Slope Stability: When Slopes Fail Driving Forces > Resisting Forces Gravity- #1 driving force Slope angle, climate, slope material & water Shear Strength- #1 resisting force Cohesion, friction, sometimes water Safety of a Slope (SF) =
15	Categories of Mass Wasting Falls Rock fall, soil fall Always rapid Create talus slopes Slides Rock slide, debris slide, slump Cohesive, occur along ‘slide planes’ Have either rotational or translational movement
16	Categories of Mass Wasting Flows Movement of unconsolidated material Has viscous fluidity Slow: creep Moderate to fast: earth, mud & debris flow, incl. lahars Fast: debris avalanche